Issue seems to be linked to Eye Adaptation. Turning it off results in the sphere to be invisible.
The attached image shows the output of the editor versus game mode (cooked or -game)
This shader was working well in 4.22.
I tested on the release branch and the bug is still there.
Open attached project
Load in editor
Sphere should be invisible (works fine once cooked)
There's no existing public thread on this issue, so head over to Questions & Answers just mention UE-81743 in the post.